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Most of the things that we use in our daily life come to this world as a result of experiment and researches by the scientists but have we ever asked ourselves about the reason behind these inventions? Or whether these inventions were meant to be created or happened by chance? The great inventor mark twain said that coincidence created a lot of inventions and this quotation proved its credibility with the story of NEOTEN and his fallen apple without this coincidence the world would not have known most of the important theories in the life. And this what happened with most of scientists and inventors as most of their inventions came by chance and this what we are going know in this topic All of us know the PENCILLIN, it is one of the most important cures in the medicine world these days it was invented by ALEXANDER FLEMING while he was in the battle field in the first world war, he wanted to create a cure for the increasin...

 Applied Materials Science eBook-EEn  this course contains : Chapter 1 Introduction to Materials Applications 1.1 Classes of Materials 1.2 Structural Applications 1.3 Electronic Applications 1.4 Thermal Applications 1.5 Electrochemical Applications 1.6 Environmental Applications 1.7 Biomedical Applications --->Bibliography Chapter 2 Materials for Thermal Conduction 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Materials of High Thermal Conductivity 2.2.1 Metals, Diamond, and Ceramics 2.2.2 Metal-Matrix Composites 2.2.2.1 Aluminum-Matrix Composites 2.2.2.2 Copper-Matrix Composites 2.2.2.3 Beryllium-Matrix Composites 2.2.3 Carbon-Matrix Composites 2.2.4 Carbon and Graphite 2.2.5 Ceramic-Matrix Composites 2.3 Thermal Interface Materials 2.4 Conclusion --->References Chapter 3 Polymer-Matrix Composites for Microelectronics 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Applications in Microelectronics 3.3 Polymer-Matrix Composites 3.3.1 Polymer-Matrix Composites with Continuous Fillers. 3....

A compound known as dark pyrophosphite could have been a source of energy that allowed the first life on Earth to form, scientists say now. From the smallest bacteria in the human body complex, all living things require a molecule called ATP-transport energy to survive. Often compared to a "rechargeable battery," ATP chemical energy stored in a form that can be used by organic matter. "You need enzymes to produce ATP, and ATP you need to make enzymes," said researcher Terence Kee, University of Leeds in England. "The question is: Where does the power before any of these things existed? We think the answer may lie in simple molecules such as pyrophosphate, which is chemically very similar to the ATP, but has the potential to transfer energy without enzymes. " Dark, but important Before the theories of how life arose from chemistry only have seen a similar compound, but independent pyrophosphate was known as the predecessor to the more ...