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The efficiency of IC engines and pollution generated from it depends largely on the turbo charger. Turbo charger is driven by exhaust gases leaving the engine and this power is used to compress the gas to the engine intake. Turbo charger usually has two main sections, the turbine and compressor. Turbine A typical turbine consists of a collection of fins and the axis of one, in which the fins are placed. The shaft is supported by some kind of bearings. The fins making fluid energy (which is taking the pressure head and kinetic head) and turns the shaft. This shaft drives the compressor turns. Turbines can be one of the combinations of the two following types: * Impulse Turbine Pelton wheel is an example of this type of turbine. Using the nozzle, fluid velocity increases as the pressure remains constant, so the change in momentum of fluid particles is produced, hence the force is applied to the fins. This type of turbine is an application of Newton's second law

Having to replace an air pump is inconvenient, but tolerable. Replacing a muffler or alternator is more expensive and therefore more frustrating. But it's still bearable. engine of your car, on the other hand, is one of the few sets (transmission is the other) where a mistake can crush your budget. Your engine will not last forever, of course. Depending on how hard it is to drive and the number of miles you put on it, you can expect it to last 100,000 miles and twice that amount. If you keep your car long enough, eventually develop serious problems. Then we will explore the decision to fix the whole in comparison with what it replaced. We will explain why discovering the root causes of a problem is a fundamental part in making this decision. Finally, we describe the main differences between a new engine and a rebuilt unit. Deciding whether to repair the Assembly Suppose your car is eight or nine years and I have traveled very hard during those years. As a result,

One of the least known of renewable geothermal energy for electricity is created using the heat content of the magma underground. The magma heats the rocks and sometimes travel directly through the sources of water below the surface of the heating up. Extract and run water through tubes around another set of pipes containing a liquid with low boiling point. This causes the liquid becomes a vapor that can be used to run steam turbines. Here are some interesting facts about geothermal energy for its construction. No fuel is consumed in the process of creating geothermal electricity and is therefore free of emissions. Multiple types of existing power plants include binary cycle power plants, the hot dry rock geothermal energy, plants, dry steam, flash steam plants, heat source and geothermal heat pump. The most common binary cycle. High ability to generate energy from the source (hot water) is constantly supplied. The heat extracted from the ground is extremely small, but

It's easy to assume that the HVAC system is running correctly. You may think that since you do not notice any immediate problem with your heating or air conditioning your air conditioner is working properly. This, however, can not be the case. Do not leave for annual inspection and service of HVAC. Without the routine visit by a service technician air conditioning, your furnace or air conditioner may not work as well and begin to operate inefficiently. The problems that otherwise could have been captured will be allowed to grow and cause damage to your air conditioning system, shortening its life. The most important reason why you should take steps to ensure that your heating and air conditioning service is security. The natural gas and oil HVAC systems burning fossil fuels, which can produce harmful byproducts like carbon monoxide. You certainly do not want to risk your health or your family from breathing poisonous gas, so be sure to have a professional HVAC techn

COURSE IN GAS TURBINES COURSE OBJECTIVES At the end of the course, delegates will be able to :  Explain the function of a gas turbine-  List the most common types of gas turbines in use-  Understand the thermodynamic principles of gas turbine systems-  Understanding some of the criteria for selecting a gas turbine for a given set of design conditions-  Explain the main aspects of gas turbine protection and control-  Appreciate how the design of an overall-plant control scheme relates to the gas turbine system-  Explore the safe and efficient operation of a gas turbine system, using dynamic simulation model-  Explore common operating problems- CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Fluid mechanics properties and laws Thermodynamics principles Definition of a gas turbine Historical background about gas turbine Brief idea about types of gas turbine Brief idea about advantages of gas turbine Brief idea about applications of gas turbine   TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES OF GAS TURBINES  Working

CNC Programming is one of the most effective ways that people are using today in order to cut metal and do other processes in manufacturing. Many hobbyists are using CNC programming to produce woodworking, metals and foam objects. CNC has created a way for many people to manufacture or fabricate parts quickly and effortlessly. CNC stands for computer numerical control and is basically the use of a computer to do certain types of operations. This is a process that can be applied to lathe, router, foam cutters and laser machines; it can also be applied to mini versions of these types of machines. There are basically two types of categories that CNC program will fall into point to point positioning or continuous path positioning. Usually a computer can execute both types of programming depending on the sophistication of the software program being used. This means that the operator must understand both processes in order to run the machine. Here is a simple explanation of these two c

Many industrial concerns have workshops of their own. For the repair of worn shafts, the lathe machine is excellent. Keyway slots can be machined by using a milling machine, while a shaping machine can do machining of large flat areas. A drilling machine does drilling of holes. A skilled Maintenance Engineer should know how to use all these machines in order to make his own repairs in a safe manner. Very often he has to supervise machinists. The information below should be useful for that purpose. Lathe Machine The lathe machine uses a single-point-cutting tool for a variety of turning, facing, and drilling jobs. Excess metal is removed by rotating the work piece over the fixed cutting tool to form straight or tapered cylindrical shapes, grooves, shoulders and screw threads. It can also be used for facing flat surfaces on the ends of cylindrical parts. The work piece is clamped onto a horizontal rotating shaft by a 3-jaw or 4-jaw chuck. The latter chuck

A milling machine is one of the most used shop tools in today's manufacturing world. Without it, hours and hours of manual labor would be required to produce even simple machine parts. Today's manufacturers depend on mills to give them the parts they need quickly, efficiently and at an affordable cost. This amazing piece of shop equipment is used to shape solid material such as metal, plastic, brass or wood. It is somewhat different than a lathe because finished parts are not cylindrical. A mill uses a high-speed cutting tool that moves over and into material that has been securely placed on the table. A mill can produce a finished part or a vacuum forming mold. Today's mills are not usually designed to cut underneath a top surface. Instead, they more effectively create many separate components which can later be formed into more complex items. CNC (Computer Numerical Control) technology is primarily used in today's sophisticated machine mills. This method of cont

CNC is a system that has end to end component design is highly automated with the use of CAD programs. The programs generate a computer file that is translated to extract the commands that are needed to control a specific machine and then loaded into the CNC machines for production. CNC means Computer Numerical Control and it signifies particularly to the computer control of machine equipment. The principle purpose of CNC milling machines is repeatedly produce complex part in metal as well as other materials with the use of unique coded program. This particular coded program that is being used by CNC milling machines is written in a notation known as the G-code. It indicates a specific CNC milling duties in alphanumeric format. CNC milling was produced in the year 1940 by MIT servomechanism laboratory. CNC milling can operate the functions of drilling and turning. It can be identified according to the number of axes that they had, it is often labeled as X and Y for horizontal motio

Choosing a milling machine can be a mind-boggling task. There are so many different types of machine mills that it can take some serious research to find exactly the right one that will get the job done for you. One of the most popular designs is a vertical milling machine because it handles well and is very flexible in the jobs it performs. One drawback is that it tends to be slower than other types of machines. Machines that do milling work very simply by just cutting solid material (such as metal or plastic) using some type of onboard rotating tool. It also includes an adjustable table for x (side), y (vertical) or z (height) directions. Handles are generally used to steer the table in the desired direction. This special cutting machine comes with accessories to make the whole milling process even better. A vise is often used to affix the material to the table before it is milled. The operating handles on the machine have digital scales that help in the adjustment of the x, y

Milling basically come in two different styles: vertical and horizontal. Both have certain advantages. This article will mainly focus on the best features found in a horizontal milling machine. horizontal machining is highly profitable and produce high quality products. This type of milling machine is designed for do it all with a variety of hard materials. The process is fast and requires minimal configurations along the path. This lowers the cost of labor increasingly often accompany any manufacturing environment. The finishes are higher and the final product comes out as planned. Many horizontal mills are fully automated and require no human intervention to work properly. All programming is done in advance, so that nothing is left to chance. This reduces processing time by 25% because manual work is no longer necessary. horizontal milling offers advantages such as: machining, performing functions in general as well as other operations such as recording and boring. This is usuall

Want to find a PlayStation 3 wholesaler, to get your hands on the much-awaited console quickly and cheaply? You will need to wade through a swamp of scams and cheats - but rest assured, there are honest merchants out there, and it will be possible to get yourself a PlayStation 3. Just do not expect it to be a simple case of looking up a wholesaler on the internet- you will have to do some work yourself if you want to do it alone. The easy but unpopular method is to wait. If you can hang on until mid 2007, you will almost certainly be able to get a PlayStation 3 at a lower price, and with a lot less hassle. By March of 2007 there should be about 6 million units in circulation-which should be enough for most of the people who want a PS3. But suppose you want to get hold of the PlayStation 3 before Christmas? What Playstation 3 wholesaler should you turn to? For a start, do not think you are going to be able to get one at real wholesale price often, in January 2007. Unless luck come

While the average person can not have much interest in news from the automotive industry, a lot of useful information can be obtained. This would include interesting reasoning behind why you can not always find the car you want at a dealership. Many consultants pushing dealers to listen to customers and their needs. Despite this suggestion would work when you look in theory, there are some things that are stopping it from happening. It is not actually the dealers are dropping the ball most of the time, the car manufacturers themselves. You can not send what has been requested by the dealers, instead of sending the vehicle you want. That leaves the dealers with an inventory that is not what you ask or what their customers want. This unfortunate circumstance leaves the dealer with the option of using aggressive sales tactics or let the car sit around forever. Those hard to sell cars can continue to sit for a while, but ultimately it will create problems for the dealer, as no customer

The dental industry is a great one. Today, dentistry is not limited to the study of tooth disease and research on the various treatments of these. Much of this industry now dominated by cosmetic dentistry. The dental industry has become an attractive segment in the healthcare industry. In 2008, the industry had already held a U.S. empire 18.8 billion U.S. dollars. In the international platform, the dental market is dominated by the U.S., Europe and Japan, three countries together accounted for more than 84 percent of international revenues in 2007. The latest news from the dental industry is that, with increasing awareness of oral health, increasing aging population, advanced dental and cosmetic treatments have led to a strong high growth in this segment. A number of other factors have also affected the tremendous growth of this industry in a positive way. The dental equipment market is growing by leaps and bounds on the global map. The primary driving factor in this regard is the ad